SAN-HWANG PAO-CH'UI Northern style of Chinese kung-fu originating in the Three Kingdoms period; literally means "cannon fist." The style is also known as hsing-kung-ch'uan, and is still practiced in Peking.

SHAU WAN CH'UAN Kung-fu style originating in a northern Shaolin monastery. It combines quick, accurate foot techniques with fist movements.

SHUAI CHIAO Chinese form of wrestling dating back to about 700 B.C. Unlike Western wrestling or judo, shuai chiao uses throws and take downs, as well as strikes, kicks, and blocks similar to those in kung-fu Throwing is often done by a combination of sweeping and throwing actions, thus making the opponent fall hard. Instead of grabbing an opponent's uniform, as in judo, shuai chiao wrestlers grab the arms, legs, shoulders or other bodily parts to execute moves.

Shuai chiao stances are very low and solid. Freestyle fighting is practiced, with kicks, strikes and throws combined. Because of the heavy falling, shuai chao students, of course, learn to fall and tumble. Today, students are graded by colored belts. the art is taught as a means of combat, not as a sport. There are numerous styles practiced in different parts of China.

T'AN-T'UI Northern form of Chinese kung-fu from the Chang-Ch'uan Islamic style. This is actually not a system in itself, but the first form of Chang-Ch'uan. T'an-t'ui was adopted by several other northern systems (e.g., erh-lang-men, mei-hwa-ch'uan) in their basics. This Chinese boxing system is characterized by low kicking techniques and an emphasis on strong yet mobile horse stances. Training stresses repeating movements left and right, always ending each move with a kick.

TAOYIN Early Chinese art, purportedly the forerunner of Tai-chl-chtuan. It was a breathing exercise similar to the Zen Buddhist method. Chang San-feng, a Taoist priest (1279-1368), is credited with spreading the art.

T'ai-chi-ch'uan is one of the internal systems of kung-fu. In most styles, the movements are continuous and are performed very slowly with relaxed muscles. Above is Sifu Y C. Chang.

TA-SHENG-MEN Kung-fu style, known as the monkey style. In A D 629, Hsuan Tsang, a Buddhist monk, was traveling from China to India. According to legend Sun Wu-k'ung, a monkey, was his body guard. From his methods, so folklore says, the kung-fu system of ta-Sheng-men developed. The stances of a monkey are adopted in this style, which also employs rolls, crouching defensive postures, and aggressive leaps.

T' T'ANG Northern Chinese boxing system; techniques of fighting while falling or lying on the ground. Emphasis is on kicking and falling techniques. Balance is considered from three standpoints: keeping comfortable balance; using difficult movements, yet maintaining balance; and breaking balance, falling, and yet maintaining composure. This training is seen as practical in circumstances in which one cannot follow the usual methods of fighting, when injured or taken off guard, for example. Ti-T'ang is also known as Ti-Kung and Bai-Ma-Sya-Shan; its most well-known exponent is Hwa-Che. (MICHAEL P. STAPLES)

WAH KUEN Northern Chinese style of boxing emphasizing high kicks and long-range hand techniques. Students learn to close the gap quickly. Besides kicking and striking, the system also adopts joint locks and throwing techniques. Forms are practiced alone or as two-man sets.